Evaluation of Current Accounting Policy of Phone Services Essay

Assessment of Current Accounting Policy of Phone Services - Essay Example There are commonly two key components for income acknowledgment: Completion of winning procedure, Assurance of installment. The approach which entombs division on acknowledgment of income is the recharging of convenient internet providers for clients who as of now have telephone e-gadgets at a cost of $240 (Kennon, 2010). The bookkeeping approaches which they are embracing can build their piece of the pie and deals as they are offering a low cost to their clients. This is additionally helping them in entrance of market for their new items. The new strategies which the firm can embrace are cost strategy and income acknowledgment strategy. They are offering the low cost to its clients when contrasted with their rivals because of the low sign and administration quality than their rivals. They can't build the cost or administration charge of Prepaid Portable Internet Connection, as doing so can bring about moving of its clients towards different brands. Another hazard which firm faces ar e that if in not so distant future their rivals decline the cost of their items, the organization may endure misfortunes. To dodge this organization can rehearse cost-cutting procedures in the assembling of their items. In the event that they don't produce their parts or segments and get it from providers, they should attempt to concentrate on modest and best quality providers. The exercises of any organization which chooses income acknowledgment are: Sale of merchandise, Rendering of administrations and Construction contracts. Hence these exercises must be appropriately managed.â

Tartuffe (Molliere) Essays - Tartuffe, Molire, Le Tartuffe, Oregon

Fraud (Molliere) Christian Castellanos HUM1020 MWF 10-10:50 Robin Repper Fraud is an exemplary story of trickery by one who is trusted and regarded. Fraud, the beguiling blessed man, is living in the place of Oregon. Oregon has made his ways for Hypocrite, and he incredibly regards him for being the acceptable sacred man he was believed to be. The remainder of the family accept that Tartuffe is a phony and a con. Oregon and Madam Parcelle are the two which put stock in his blessed notoriety. Fraud persuades Oregon that he is a staggering man of extraordinary sacred height, and Oregon continues to give up to Tartuffe every one of his assets. Outward Appearances can here and there misdirect. This is clear in the manner Oregon took a gander at Tartuffe. Fraud was believed to take care of business of extraordinary blessed impact. Oregon thought Tartuffe was a high blessed figure, who was commendable a direct result of his dedication to God. Fraud is really an untrustworthy cheat who has no interests however that of his own government assistance. Oregon is blinded by these standards. Hypocrite exploits this visual deficiency and endeavors to lure Oregon's significant other and con Oregon out everything being equal assets. Another activity by Tartuffe was the initial steps of tempting Oregon's better half. He employments his rosary to pull her in closer. In this scene, Tartuffe is utilizing an image of virtue and blessedness as a device of desire and sin. At certain focuses, he'd be smooth and stately, yet at times he would be as though he was pursuing her. There is another viewpoint to the temptation by Tartuffe of Oregon's better half. Molierre has Oregon covering up under a table when Tartuffe is attempting to truly tempt his significant other. Oregon had never accepted his family that Tartuffe was tricky. Oregon, seeing with his own eyes what Tartuffe was doing, at last trusts them. This shows now and again individuals don't think something until they see it with their own eyes. Moilere prevailing with regards to making Oregon and Madam Parcelle obstinate and unmoving. Oregon was obstinate when he didn't accept his family over Tartuffe. It was an intense activity the spouse embraced to persuade Oregon that Tartuffe was a phony. Just an activity so intense would persuade him. Oregon felt the effect of this tenacity when he was attempting to persuade Parcelle of Tartuffe's trickery. He was apparently baffled at her comments about him and Tartuffe. Once more, she required outward confirmation, and she gotten it when the ousting notice came as Oregon was attempting to persuade her. The voice of reason and control in this play originates from a character by the name of Cleante. This character counters Oregon's determination and silliness by giving dependability and command over the circumstance. Cleante is Oregon's brother by marriage. When Cleante sees that Tartuffe has assumed control over the family unit, he arranges a gathering to concoct an answer or plan to the circumstance. The on-screen character playing Tartuffe would every now and again face the camera and make faces demonstrating his trickery toward the camera. This gives the crowd and understanding which isn't seen by the remainder of the characters in the play. These activities lead to sensational incongruity which acquaints new angles with the play. Camera edges played a significant and fascinating job with regards to this creation of Fraud. During the location of the endeavored escape by Oregon, the camera point was shot in the main individual of Oregon. It demonstrated Oregon's perspective as he was leaving. This strategy was utilized a couple more occasions in the creation. Likewise, camera points were strangely set now and again. While the family was arranging, the camera at one point was shooting between two seats at the table, giving an alternate point of view of the arranging time frame. Likewise, the Camera would now and again be moved and rushed, giving a feeling of disarray. Lighting assumed a little job in this creation. The most unmistakable case of the utilization of variety of light was in the discourse given by the gatekeeper towards the finish of the creation. A splendid white light was thrown from behind making what he needed to state more getting and apparently significant. The light additionally gave him a look of being supreme at the hour of his discourse. Hypocrite is a play stressing double dealing, notorieties, trustworthiness, hardheadedness, and the capacity to be blinded by something that we see as great, however truly is hurtful. Outward appearances are at times misjudged. This is what befallen Oregon and Hypocrite. This play contains numerous conditions

How to Create a perfect Facebook Fan Page for your Blog

How to Create a perfect Facebook Fan Page for your Blog Facebook fan page is essential for any Blog page. Because according to Facebook fan page many people judge the Blog popularity. On other hand people can easily communicate with particular site while using Facebook. There are over 830 millions of people actively using Facebook every day. So Facebook has become a good source of traffic for Blog or website. By sharing content on Facebook page we can easily divert traffic and also by promoting the page on Facebook we can increase our fan page easily. However, as a Blog owner creating a Facebook fan page will be a wise decision for your Blog. But most of the Blog owner cant create Facebook fan page perfectly. In this tutorial I will show you how to create a perfect Facebook fan page for your Blog. Before creating a Facebook Fan page you must have an Facebook account first. By visiting below link and adding some simple information like your name, email address you can create your Facebook account. https://www.facebook.com Assume that you have created your Facebook account. And now Just follow the below steps for creating Facebook fan page. Step 1 Log in to your Facebook Account and Go to https://www.facebook.com/pages/create.php link. Step 2 Now you will see 6 different page classifications. You have to select Local Business or Place Company, Organization, or Institution Brand or Product Artist, Band, or Public Figure Entertainment Cause or Community Different page required different information. You can see that required information from below. Though we will create Fan page for our Blog so click on Brand or Product category. Step 3 After clicking on Brand or Product category you will see 2 field appeared For selecting your Page category and another one is selecting appropriate name for your Fan Page. So under category choose Website and Write your page name similar to your Blog title. If not available change it little bit. After that click on Get Started button. Step 4 Now a new Set up page will appear from there fill up the About tab with appropriate information. Write short description, Add your website URL. Choose a unique Facebook web address write similar to your website title. After that Click on blue color Save Info button. Step 5 Its time to set a profile picture. Though we are creating Fan page for our Blog so add your Blog or Website logo as profile picture. Remember that Profile picture should be minimum 180px X 180px. Under Profile Picture tab Just click on Upload from computer and select logo from your Hard drive. And click on blue color Next button for going to the next tab. You can skip this step and add profile picture later. Step 6 Now Preferred Page Audience tab will open. This tab is generally for selecting specific audience according to their Region, age, Gender and Interest. Suppose your site is for specific country then you can write the country name and what will be the age range for your website. As well as you can choose that is your page only for male or female or suitable for both. Finally under Interest section select your right interest according to your website. For Tutorial based Blog site Under Business and Industry - Online - Search Engine Optimization, Website Design, Website Development. Or you can choose more. After that click on Blue color Save button. Step 7 Now you will land on your Facebook Fan Page. If you skip to add the profile image in Step 5 then add your profile image now by clicking on Add Photo option. Remember that I have mentioned before Profile picture should be minimum 180px X 180px. And click on Add a Cover option to add Facebook cover whose resolution should be minimum 851px width X 315px height. After uploading Cover click on blue color Save Changes button. Dont worry you can change your Profile picture and Cover image later. Thats it you have successfully create a perfect Facebook Fan page for your Blog or Website. From my point of view create or choose cover page with light background and it should be clean and clear. Thus visitors will love after first sight. I hope you have understood the tutorial and now able to create fan page your site. Thank you.

Art Must Give Its Audience a New Perspective - 1412 Words

Some may believe that art as art serves beauty, not morality. They believe that the purpose of art is only to express beauty and it may do as it chooses in search for this perfection. As defined by dictionary.com, art is â€Å"the quality, production, expression, or realm, according to aesthetic principles, of what is beautiful, appealing, or of more than ordinary significance.† Others believe in â€Å"art for art’s sake.† However, Tolstoy opposes this when he contends, â€Å"there is no such thing as art for art’s sake, anymore than science for science’s sake, since every human function should be directed to increase morality and to suppress violence† (Corey 113). People who believe that art should be kept separate from anything else might compare it†¦show more content†¦Then, the artist is only responsible for himself; he selfishly only reflects life in small fragments, losing any sense of totality. War propaganda, another art form , belongs in the art category since it was created with the intention of having more than â€Å"ordinary significance.† The posters meant to incite a reaction in order to bring America into one cohesive unit and have everybody contribute to the war effort. One such poster effectively brought women to fill empty manufacturing jobs left by men when they left to serve in the war. This poster depicted Rosie the Riveter, a strong, independent woman dressed in overalls and a bandana, flexing her arm muscles while stating, â€Å"We Can Do It!† Rosie became a symbol of feminism and represented women’s economic power. The influence of this image spread to other countries, such as Britain, where similar images of women war workers appeared. The slogan tries to appeal to a woman’s morals and reminds female viewers to be patriotic by joining the working world and help contribute to the nation’s success in the World War II conflict. Furthermore, this poster has all the characteristics of a work of art. The artist, J. Howard Miller, used bold colors to catch the viewer’s eye. Rosie has an intense gaze that seems to reach into the viewer’s space, and her flexed arm points up, which directs the viewer’s gaze to herShow MoreRelatedPostmodern Concepts Influence on Museology934 Words   |  4 Pageswhich determine the audiences’ perspectives on exhibitions. Postmodernism is highly influential and appealing because it is avant-garde (challenging past traditions). People appreciate new concepts, especially those that challenge the concept of art. The process of curation not only considers the organisation of the exhibition but is highly influenced by conceptual frameworks, postmodernism being part of the world agency. Museum classifications affect different audience perspectives because, while lettingRead More Art in Our World Essay1078 Words   |  5 Pages ll art is not only part of society, but is the product of t he beliefs and values of the artist and the audience. I believe that the world is divided in the same manner as the human brain. There is the scientific side and the artistic side. Everything in the world can be placed in at least one of the two categories. Furthermore, I believe that neither side is dominant over the other. From this thought, I conclude that society is composed of both science and art, both expressing beliefs and valuesRead Moreâ€Å"Art Is a Lie That Brings Us Nearer to the Truth† (Pablo Picasso)1692 Words   |  7 PagesArt is different from most areas of knowledge primarily in terms of its objective and also the means by which it reflects, transforms and expresses them. For art, like philosophy, reflects the reality in its relationship with man, and represents the latter, his spiritual world, and the relations between the individuals and their interactions with the world. Pablo Picasso was known for representing his work in a non-realistic manner. Howeve r, the audience could relate to his works; Guernica is anRead MoreThe Importance Of A Public Speaking On A Free Society And Why It Is Important Essay1289 Words   |  6 PagesThroughout life, no matter what profession, we have to use the skill of public speaking at some point. As a Christians, this skill becomes even more important. We must find ways to master and skillfully practice the art of public speaking in our society. Therefore it is important to understand what rationale can be offered for the significance of the art of public speaking in a free society and why it is especially important for Christians in particular. It is important to understand what the biblical modelRead MoreCharlie Chaplin : Film Revolutionary787 Words   |  4 Pagesthe humans that set off these chains of events. An important influence in Film is 1920’s celebrity, Charlie Chaplin, by using this art form to create silent films to evoke political inquest, and renovation. Chaplin’s specialty in film was the art of silent films, an area in which intricate forms of pantomime must be performed in order to deliver a story to the audience. When film was introduced to sound, Chaplin felt as if he was being confined, for instance Charlie explains, â€Å"If I did make a talkingRead MoreAnalysis : Still Life With Oranges II 1134 Words   |  5 Pagesfocus on a painting that is almost 120 years old, however it appears provocative even today - in the world of contemporary art, where there seems to be no room left for astonishment. What I find so special about this beautiful painting is the technique and the artist’s vision of the scenery. Even though the second half of the 19th century was the time of rebelliousness in the art world, Henri Matisse managed to find his own niche and create his own style of painting. While â€Å"Still Life with Oranges II†Read MoreFeminism And Its Effect On Society946 Words   |  4 Pageswhere a man, who i dentified as homosexual, was considered untouchable and automatically was assumed to have had AIDS or cases where patients diagnosed with AIDS were assumed to be gay. This ignorant perspective negatively branded the gay community, which caused homosexual men to feel as if they must repress their true selves in order to successfully function and fit into American society. A fact to be noted is that though Angels in America was written as a sort of advocacy for gay men, there isRead MorePostmodern Art and Artificial Environment Essay640 Words   |  3 PagesThe goal of art in the post-modern standard is no longer predominantly behavioral, as it still was in the modern, but perceptive. The post-modern is the art of the artificial environment. Artists favored the readymade object as more powerful than the supposedly new crafted objects produced by Modernist artists. By willingly allowing the practice of appropriation that occurs within the production of all art, these artists pulled the power of pre-existing imagery and signs to produce â€Å"new† works withRead MoreLanguage And The Language Of Language1117 Words   |  5 Pagesfrom all over the world travel great distances with their words. The art of language bridges cultures and borders to bring ideas and messages near and far. However language is not alone in our difference from the animal k ingdom. Creativity has pushed us from a survivor’s existence into a time of excess and an enjoyment of life. The depth of a soul can be expressed with infinite care and accuracy. Even how one speaks gives the audience a peak of what is inside. On the contrary are the words spoken insideRead MoreYou Know When The Men Are Gone By Siobhan Fallon958 Words   |  4 PagesSiobhan Fallon, has a Master of Fine Art from the New School in New York City in addition to being a military spouse, is the author of â€Å"You Know When the Men Are Gone† a short story collection book. In the short story â€Å"You Survived the War Now Survive the Homecoming† Fallon writes a gripping and enticing story about Carla and her beloved husband, Ted, who returns from war as a changed man. Carla is struggling with Ted because he is easily enraged and poses as a threat to Carla and their seven month

Cecilia Beaux Bio - American Portrait Painter

Movement, Style, School or Type of Art: Realism, specifically portraiture. The artist was frequently (and favorably) compared to John Singer Sargent, which she took as a compliment. Beaux executed some technically flawless, personally uninspiring drawings of fossils and shells for the paleontologist E. D. Cope in 1874. Though it was a paying job, she so disliked portraying anything except people (and the occasional cat), she never again ventured outside of portraiture. Her start here involved painting the faces of children on yet-to-be-fired porcelain plates -- a briefly lucrative proposition that allowed her to bank funds with which to pursue her true ambition: oil portraiture in the grand manner (i.e.: full-length poses of nicely-clothed, usually-wealthy sitters). Date and Place of Birth: May 1, 1855, Philadelphia Records indicate that Beauxs christened name was Eliza Cecilia, after her mother, Cecilia Kent Leavitt (1822-1855). She was thus connected with old Main Line Philadelphia Society, although the Leavitt family had become decidedly middle class by the time of the artists birth. Unfortunately, Beauxs mother died of puerperal fever a scant 12 days after giving birth. Her grieving father, silk merchant Jean Adolphe Beaux (1810-1884) returned to France, leaving Cecilia and her older sister, Aimà ©e Ernesta (Etta), to be raised by the Leavitts. Cecilia was known as Leilie to family, for her father could not bear to call the infant by her dead mothers name. Early Life: It may sound incongruous to say that the two little sisters, de facto orphans, were fortunate to be raised by relatives. However, their grandmother, Cecilia Leavitt, and their maiden aunts Eliza and Emily, were remarkably progressive women. Etta and Leilie were educated in a home that valued female scholastic and artistic pursuits, and saw their Aunt Eliza contribute monetarily to the household by working as a music teacher. It was evident from an early age that Leilie had a talent for drawing. The Leavitt women -- and Aunt Eliza, in particular -- encouraged and supported her efforts. The girl was given her first drawing lessons, a set of lithographs for beginning art students, and visits to see art by Eliza (who had visual art talents, as well as being a musician). When Aunt Emily married William Foster Biddle in 1860, the couple settled into the Leavitt home a few years later. Beaux would later credit Uncle Willie as the biggest influence in her life, second only to her grandmother. Kind and generous, Biddle helped raise the Beaux girls as if they were his own children. For the first time since Leilie was born, the household had a strong male role model -- and a bit more discretionary income. He, too, encouraged his neice in developing her artistic talents. Although the Leavitts had little money, they were one of Philadelphia societys oldest families. Uncle Willie paid the fees for both girls to attend the Misses Lymans School -- a must for young women in society circles. Enrolled at age 14, Leilie spent two years there as a decidely average student. She established many good connections, but was unhappy that she couldnt afford the extra fees for art instruction. When Beaux graduated the family decided that she must have proper artistic instruction, so Biddle arranged for her to study with Catharine Ann Drinker, a distant relative and accomplished female artist. Best Known For: Cecilia Beaux was the first female instructor at the Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts. Important Works: Les Derniers jours denfance (The Last Days of Infancy), 1883-85 Date and Place of Death: September 17, 1942, Gloucester, Massachusetts. Disabled since breaking her hip in 1924, 87-year-old Beaux died at her home, Green Alley. Her grave is located at West Laurel Hill Cemetary, Bala Cynwyd, Pennsylvania, close to Etta (1852-1939) in the Drinker family plot. How To Pronounce Cecilia Beaux: sess ·seal ·ya boh Quotes From Cecilia Beaux: Line is line, space is space--wherever found. The consideration of them is necessary to every work of art, and no such work can exist without them. --from the lecture Portriature, 1907.Never was a word more absued than Technique. To many Technique means the purely mechanical, material side of a work, something generally found to be hard, shiny, even vulgar. Just now, to be clumsy is to be admired. Indeed bungling is much in fashion now, in painting. And if one does not bungle naturally, one may easily learn how to do it from the initiated.But the true definition of Technique is very simple. A perfect technique in anything only means that there has been no break in continuity between conception, or thought, and the act of performance. --from Address to the Comtemporary Club of Philadelphia Shortly after Sargents Death, 1926In my opinion the charm and magic of color is inseperable from substance; that is, from texture. --from the lecture Color, 1928. Sources and Further Reading Cecilia Beaux Papers, 1863-1968. Archives of American Art, Smithsonian Institution. Beaux, Cecilia. Background with Figures: Autobiography of Cecilia Beaux.Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1930. Bowen, Catherine Drinker. Family Portrait.Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1970. Carter, Alice A. Cecilia Beaux: A Modern Painter in the Gilded Age.New York: Rizzoli, 2005. Drinker, Henry S. The Paintings and Drawings of Cecilia Beaux.Philadelphia: Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts, 1955. Tappert, Tara L. Cecilia Beaux and the Art of Portraiture.Washington, D.C.: National Portrait Gallery and the Smithsonian Institution Press, 1995.-----. Beaux, Cecilia.Grove Art Online. Oxford University Press, (27 January 2012). Read a review of Grove Art Online. Yount, Sylvia, et al. Cecilia Beaux: American Figure Painter (exh. cat.).Berkeley: University of California Press, 2007. Go to Artist Profiles: Names beginning with B or Artist Profiles: Main Index

Asylum Seekers And Australia s Coast Line Along With...

This report will discuss the history of asylum seekers coming to Australia’s coast line along with discover most recent rules regarding the issues adjoining completely new arrivals of asylum searchers. It will provide a review for the behaviour towards of asylum searchers within Australia as part of stimulating integration of individuals through diverse nationalities. This document will intend to deal with the problems of asylum searchers along with refugees are usually going through inside Australia. This coverage on Asylum Hunters as well as Refugees remains probably the most argumentative issues inside today’s Australia. Australians have got seen quite a few alterations of this type in excess of recent several weeks. These are going†¦show more content†¦Many flee as a result of faith based persecution, others for their race, sexual category, or maybe ethnicity while a few precede due to their politics stances, faith based affiliations or maybe social rank. T his kind of exploration will probably focus on problems faced by simply Asylum seekers in addition to whether or not they need to be permitted within formulated international locations (Australia) along with the honest factor of the Australian federal government insurance policy in asylum seekers. The following paragraphs shed light on the ethical discussion for this circumstance. Definition It is pivotal to understand the definition of ethics along with asylum searchers. Ethics will be the steps of an individual with conscious and represent the free sort of getting certainly not by experiencing where did they are generally conducted, although looking for a judgement about perhaps the act is actually ethically appropriate or maybe completely wrong. Ethics as well as morals are conceptually unique although because identical results of deciding this social process along with intend to guarantee an existence associated with quality regarding provide as well as potential ages. Some sort of refugee is a one that is external their unique land and is incapable or maybe resistant to return because of well-founded concern with being persecuted because of their race, religious beliefs, nationality, member s program of a particular

Financial Report Of Treasury Wine Samples †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Financial Report Of Treasury Wine. Answer: Accounting items from the annual report Accounting receivable looking at the annual report of Treasury wine estates for the year ended 30th June 2016, it is found that the amount of account receivable for that year were amounted to $ 603.4 million and that was decreased from $ 504.9 million for the year 2015. The trade receivables of the company are recognised at the fair value initially and eventually it is calculated at the amortised cost, reduced by the allowance of the doubtful debts. The company generally allow 30-120 days credit based on the transaction nature. Further, the bad debt is allowed for reducing the carrying amount of the trade receivables on the basis of the outstanding amounts analysis at the reporting date where potential risk is found with regard to credit (Mathuva 2015). Plant, property and equipment looking at the annual report of Treasury wine estates for the year ended 30th June 2016, it is found that the amount of account receivable for that year were amounted to $ 603.4 million and that was decreased from $ 504.9 million for the year 2015. The property, plant and equipment of the company are recognised at the fair value initially and eventually it is reduced by the impairment loss, if any and accumulated depreciation (Hoskin, Fizzell and Cherry 2014). The depreciation is provided on the straight line method. The leased assets are written of over the useful life or term of lease whichever is lower. During the year no changes were made with regard to the depreciation. Importance of accounting items on annual report Accounts receivable account receivable is the money that is expected to be received by the company in future. Depend on the amount of receivable it can be assessed that whether the company is able to pay-off its short term obligation comfortably. Further, it reveals whether the company is able to generate sales to earn profit (Bruce-Twum and Mensah 2015). If very large amount is shown in the balance sheet it indicated that the company is not able to collect its dues on time or not as the dues for long time increases the risk of bad-debts. Plant, property and the equipment this is one of the most useful items under the balance sheet and it assists in getting the idea of regarding how intensive the assets is and the particular business model it follows for plant, property and equipment (Zack 2013). When the balance sheet of various companies are analysed under a specific industry or sector, the plant, property and equipment of the company are compared with the after tax profit in terms of dollar (Tweglobal.com/~/media/Files/Global/Annual-Reports/2016-Annual-Report.pdf 2017). If the business is more productive, it may indicate that the companys PPE is lower as con pared to the cash balance. Social impact of accounting items Accounts receivable if the societal impact is considered, receivables will be regarded as important item as it helps the society analyse the liquidity position of the company. If the company is not able to collect its dues on time the chances of bed-debts will go up which may even lead to dissolve of the company. Further, the company from whom the dues is to be received will be regarded as not efficient for investment. Plant, property and equipment it will have a big impact on the society if the company is not providing appropriate depreciation on the asset and the asset is in use even after the useful life of the asset got over, it may adversely affect the environment as well as the society. Further, the type of asset may have adverse impact on the society and the community under which the business operates. Reflection of annual report While analysing the annual report of Treasury Wine Estate for the year ended 30th June 2016, I found that the company prepares its financial statement based on the Corporation Act 2001 and the authoritative pronouncement in compliance with the AASB (Australian Accounting Standards Board). Further, the items are measured on the basis of historical cost except for some of the derivative instruments related to finance. I also found that the annual report of the company includes consolidated profit or loss account and the other comprehensive income, consolidated financial position report, consolidated changes in equity report and consolidated cash flows report. The report also includes the independent auditors report, directors report and directors remuneration report. The audit of the financial statements for the year ended 30th June 2016 was carried out by KPMG. While going through the annual report, I found that the report did not include any sustainability report, without that report the economic, social, governance and environmental performance of the company cannot be assessed. Further, the values were presented only in monetary terms. Moreover, the assets under balance sheet do not specify the factor that which of the asset can be sold and which are not. However, I found that the reports present clear data regarding the financial position of the company through consolidated profit or loss account and the other comprehensive income, consolidated financial position report, consolidated changes in equity report and consolidated cash flows report, it will be useful to the investors, creditors, and the lenders to assess the performance of the company. References Bruce-Twum, E., and Mensah, C. C. 2015. Financial Statement Analysis. Hoskin, R.E., Fizzell, M.R. and Cherry, D.C., 2014.Financial Accounting: a user perspective. Wiley Global Education. Mathuva, D., 2015. The Influence of working capital management components on corporate profitability. Tweglobal.com/~/media/Files/Global/Annual-Reports/2016-Annual-Report.pdf. (2017). Annual report 2016. [online] Available at: https://www.tweglobal.com/~/media/Files/Global/Annual-Reports/2016-Annual-Report.pdf [Accessed 13 Sep. 2017]. Zack, G.M., 2013. Financial Statement Analysis.Financial Statement Fraud: Strategies for Detection and Investigation, pp.209-213.

Survival Factors of Salva Dut Essay Example

Survival Factors of Salva Dut Paper Leadership and luck are two very important survival factors that play a pivotal role in Salvas life. In the book, A Long Walk To Water by Linda Sue Park, Salva, an 11-year-old refugee, used many survival tactics to withstand the difficult journey of walking barefoot across the harsh terrain of Southern Sudan. Walking from refugee camp to refugee camp, leadership and luck is what ultimately made his journey possible. Salva managed to survive his journey and multiple obstacles with his leadership skills and streak of good fortune. One of the survival tactics that was established was leadership. Salva, was forced to flee from his homeland due to religious persecution. The newly appointed leaders of his tribe were forcefully adapting a strict islamic regime. Salva was then forced into a refugee camp, a camp that pushed him along with many other children out. After being forced to leave, Salva is faced with the difficult obstacle of having to cross the infamous Gilo River. Few people were known to have successfully crossed it. Some of the challenges were due to the corrupt militia that guarded the river, there was also a strong current in the water, and crocodiles. When Salva realized he had finally made it across the river, he began to look for others that were lucky enough to make it too. Once he found all the other Lost Boys had made it across, he began to walk with them. Since he was one of the oldest of the group, he had to play the role as leader of the group, and made every attempt to guide them all to sa fety. Although Salva was the oldest of the group, he could still be considered a child in the eyes of many. This act of leadership reflected Salva’s true identity as kind and selfless. In the novel, it states, He organized the group, giving everyone a job (PG 81).This horrible experience helped him become a better leader because it forced him to be one in the most dire situations. This role gave him the strength and vision t We will write a custom essay sample on Survival Factors of Salva Dut specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Survival Factors of Salva Dut specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Survival Factors of Salva Dut specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer

Effects of Divorce on Children

Effects of Divorce on Children Introduction Divorce is the act of dissolving or terminating a marriage between two people before the death of one partner thus rendering the marriage null and void. Divorce frees one of legal responsibilities and duties that he/she was previously bound to by the union of marriage. It also frees one of marriage with another person. Divorce in the society happens for different reasons depending on the individual cases.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Effects of Divorce on Children specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Different authorities that have a legal authority to allow the dissolution of the marriage (Isle, 2012, Para. 4) carry out the process. These authorities might be religious, government arms, or traditional settings depending on the laws of marriage to which the partners subscribed. As the paper reveals, regardless of the reason behind any divorce case, the children of the divorced parents feel a remarkable ef fect. Effects of divorce on children The effects that children have after a divorce may be psychological, social, and or emotional because each divorce case tends to be unique in its own way though divorces can be grouped into different broad categories: at fault divorce, no fault divorce, summary divorce, uncontested divorce, collaborative divorce, and mediated divorce. Specific reasons that might come under the above broad groups may include unfaithfulness in marriage, lack of commitment in marriage by one or both partners, irreconcilable differences, abusive marriage, distance, and a partner developing interest in getting married to a different person (Amato, 2003, p. 605). At the end of the day, divorce has its own effects towards the divorcing couples and the people around them especially their families and children. When a divorce happens to a couple who have children, it stops being an issue concerning two people only. It becomes an issue concerning them and their children be cause, in society, children’s interest and wellbeing are paramount and hence a responsibility of any person with a legal age. When a divorce happens between a married couple with children, the interest of the children have to be secured as provided for by the law so that they do not end up suffering as a consequence of the divorce.Advertising Looking for essay on social sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Though the wellbeing of children seem secured, in case of a divorce, children tend to be affected in different ways both negatively and positively because it always has psychological effects on them. The extent of the impact of a break up on a kid will at times relate with the age of the kids at the time of the separation. For instance, though a toddler may not comprehend the issues going on then, they tend to sense it within their parents, â€Å"as their parents’ energy levels and mood tend to shift† (Douglas, 2005, p.49). This leads to the infants’ reaction in different ways based on their instincts that may be observed. There might be a change in the sleeping patterns of the baby as well as their eating habits. The baby might become so fussy with lots of mood swings, which were unusual to the baby before. Regression can also be viewed in the baby with the baby unlearning the skills it had acquired before. Either the baby may become slow in gaining weight, cutting the gained weight, or stagnating. The baby may also be slow in development (Douglas, 2005, p.50). For the best welfare of the child, the parents should try as much as possible to maintain the previous routine between them and the child so as not to upset the balance in the child’s life. Divorce happening to parents with pre-school children tends to affect the children in such a way that they will always feel it as if it their mistake led to their parents’ moving apart. This leads to t heir feeling insecure by always wanting to be around an adult and not wanting to be left alone. They have the fear that they might be abandoned. They develop a friendly nature. They also tend to become angered by small things, which can be attributed to mood swings. In some instances, kids who had stopped wetting beds will start again (Temke, 2006, p. 2). All these are psychological, and are often due to their searching for the answer as to why daddy no longer lives with mummy. A divorce occurring when a child is an adolescent or a teen usually leaves him/her with lots of mental torture. The teenagers in this case feel embarrassed at the prospect of belonging to a broken family because societal norms advocate for a complete continuous family. This makes them frustrated and angry thus making them resort to activities that would give them solace.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Effects of Divorce on Children specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Some might indulge in drugs while others might indulge actively in sports as a way of ventilating their frustrations to release some pent up energies. Teens tend to be affected a lot because they understand the reasons for their parents’ divorce. This is worse off because they are so helpless to stop the divorce thus ending up frustrated. Divorce comes with divisions in the family. At times, they are forced to lay blame on one party whom they believe is the cause of the divorce (Elizabeth, 2006, p. 19). This leads to their division as to which side they should take. At the same time, it also comes with new responsibilities for teenagers who might be forced to cope with the different changes happening in their lives on their own on issues like sexual feelings. The teenagers might also grow up to dislike the institution of marriage by growing doubts on whether they will ever want to get married or whether they could stay in a marriage. A good example of a divorce victim is the musician Enrique Iglesias who feels that there is no point of getting married because, at some point, the marriage might break up. Enrique’s dad had so many marriages, which kept on breaking up. This informed his decision not to get married. In general, divorce might have lifelong effects to children when it happens as they witness it. Children who grow up in a divorced marriage tend to develop manipulative behaviors. This case happens when there is competition between the two parents when one wants the children to see him/her as being better than the other. They will therefore shower their kids with favors as a way of winning them over. The moment the kids come to discover what their parents are up to, they will start making demands besides playing the parents against each other. At the back of their minds, they have the knowledge that one parent will definitely give them what the other has refused to give. This might go on into their adult lives thus giving them undesirable characters. Children growing up in a divorced family might not have a lot of respect for the institution of marriage. They would easily walk out of a marriage in the future with the belief that, after all, their parents’ marriage did not work. The psychological impact that always afflicts children when they have to attend court sessions to hear out the differences between their parents can be great (Chase, 2010, p.211). This leads to lose of self-esteem in children because they will always be embarrassed by the courtroom drama and the prospect of the news becoming public among their peers.Advertising Looking for essay on social sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In many cases, children wish that they were not there to face the situation thus preferring to move away from the area they are staying to a new place where people do not know about their skeletons in the closet. The children would also ask that they change schools and their complete social setting just to run away from what has happened to their parents. Some children would always wish that their parents got back together. They would do everything in their power to push or convince their parents to come back together. Conclusion In conclusion, divorce affects children in the family psychologically and in a negative way. It is in very few instances that one would find a child who was not negatively affected even though it was the only thing that would guarantee them peace and survival. There is always that thought in the children that things should have worked out differently. Therefore, to save the children on the effects of divorce, there is the need for parents to cultivate some good relations by nurturing everything that strengthens their love bond besides involving their children in matters that convince them positively that marriage is the best institution that every person ought to join when time comes. Reference List Amato, P. (2003). People’s Reasons for divorcing. Journal of Family issues, 24(5), 602- 626. Chase, K. (2010). Dicken and the Rise of Divorce: The Failed Marriage Plot and the Novel Tradition. Victorian Institute Journal, 38(1), 211-214. Douglas, L. (2005). The Binuclear Family Boom. Library Journal, 130(14), 49-50. Elizabeth, M. (2006). No Good Divorce. Christian Century, 123(3), 18-23. Isle, I. (2012). Legal Separation Grounds for Divorce: The Legal Process. Retrieved from divorceaid.co.uk/legal/process.htm Temke, M. (2006). The Effect of Divorce On Children, Family Consumer Resources. Hampshire: University of Hampshire Cooperative Extension.

PEESTLE analysis for cine world and odeo Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

PEESTLE analysis for cine world and odeo - Essay Example In case people change their behaviors by watching a cinema then obviously, Cineworld can change the public behavior. Technologically, Cineworld and odeo use up to date 3D technology. It was one of the earliest buyers of the new innovated technology which eases the customers in the best way (Directors report and financial statements 2013). Legal-Before making any strategy, Cineworld and odeo considers not only U.K’s legal implications, but also national legislation changes, international European Union, and their prospects as well (Odeon & UCI Finco plc financial results 2013). Environmentally, Cineworld and odeo cinemas encourage their clients to come along with glasses for watching 3D movies. This strategy had to be implemented due to the substantial glasses that were being recycled (Odeon & UCI Finco plc financial results 2013). In looking at Odeo from social cultural perspective, a trip to it has always remained affordable plus entertaining. In addition, the cinema caters for all age groups. Technologically, the cinema has introduced special effects in their cinema and introduced an online platform for users to book online tickets to their

Some Summaries of Books that Relate to the New Information Essay

Some Summaries of Books that Relate to the New Information Technologies - Essay Example Behavioural design focuses mainly on the pleasure and effectiveness of use. For a customer, visceral response is judged a product design as for whether good or bad. A bad design is likely to lead customers to an escape syndrome. A good product will enhance productivity and hence more sales. Norman further explains that cognitive design deals with intellectualization and rationalization of choices (Norman, 2004). The customers’ ability to understand a product in addition to the pride of ownership, integration, and self-image of the product is enhanced by cognitive design. Norman asserts that affective reaction is cognitive driven which functions as a means of survival. Visceral design occurs naturally since they are genetically designed to occur hence unavoidable. A product designer considers this aspect in order to score highly in the current competitive market. If a product produces an odor it yields negative, affect which the emotions sense as dangerous. When a product match es the standards of the consumer, it produces a positive effect, which yields satisfaction to the consumer. The self-image of a product is most likely to yield pleasure to a consumer and hence the product will sell according to Norman. Balancing the three aspects of design is a major challenge to designers but if achieved, it provides satisfaction to consumers, which relates to high sales of the product. Question 2 iPod and philosophy contains 19 chapters which discuss the philosophy behind a digital iPod mobile device. The writer of this book critically discusses the effect of this devise on human relationships and their lives in general. I find chapter two and three very interesting. The two chapters discuss the changing trends and behavior of human beings with regard to iPods. The device has led to increased interconnection amongst people as the level of interaction is increasing in social sites such as Twitter, Facebook, LinkedIn and many others. The device has played a major ro le in downplaying the sense of community. The traditional relationships are cut lose by this device and new communities are developed in the social sites. The device also affects both positively and negatively in relation to social skills. On the positive side, the device helps people in socializing hence improving their social skills. On the negative side, the device has deteriorated the language use. Varied forms of language development in the social sites and this affects most of the young people who are attaching themselves to these sites. However, the iPod has a great impact when it comes to race and relations. Racial interaction improves and increases with the level of interrelationship that exists in these sites. Many communities exist in these sites and many people tend to interact regardless of their race, tribe, or status. Wittkower is however concerned about the impact of this device on education (Whittkower, 2008). As already mentioned above, the device affects negativel y in language use.

Legal framework for social work in United Kingdom Essay Example for Free

Legal framework for social work in United Kingdom Essay Social work is defined as a professional and academic discipline that will seek to have improvement on the individuals, groups’ and communities’ quality of life and their well-being through having policies, conducting researches, organizing communities and teaching for the good of the people affected by social limitations that may include poverty, mental and physical sickness, social injustice including violation of human rights. International (Federation of Social Workers 2000). These groups may include school dropouts, the elderly in the society, juvenile offenders, drug and alcohol abusers and the homeless Social workers will work in different settings within a set of framework of legislation and practices. The setting may include a school situation, the service users’ home, a hospital or a public sector premise Social work values Social work is argued to be value based. Since it is a profession on, social work ethics (values) thus refer to a set of guidelines that have to govern the way professionals treat the people they interact with and the sort of actions that are regarded as right or wrong. They offer a vision and discernment (Bernstein 1970) Social work in the United Kingdom occurs in four spheres. The first sphere is majorly a concept relates to the moral philosophy that creates the ethical arguments on social work. The second sphere is based on the legislation that has created an environment for practice of social work with reference to the social work cases. The third sphere is the political ideas and concepts and their influence in shaping and sculpturing the social work models, social work methods and practices. The last sphere presents the historical part of the beginning of social work as a profession and its struggle for professional identity. These spheres are extended, mid range and restricted definitions of social work ethics and values (Bernard et al 2008, p. 6) This paper will focus on the second sphere in reference to the United Kingdom. Social work and law Social work as a profession has to follow certain laws and regulations which govern the profession. The legal framework involves the statute laws and case laws and tries to explain the relationship that links them. Moreover, it details legislation of the government under acts of parliament, the international laws, policy guidance, and the local government circulars that articulate the purpose and guidance principles of legislation. The Health and Care professional Council code of practice As a social worker, it is paramount to be aware of the legal obligations required of them to cretae a healthy and safe working conditions. The General Social Care Council code of practice imposes more duties for employers of social workers. The code states that (Brayne Carr 2002, P. 49) The social worker shall protect and promote interests of the service users The social worker will strive to establish, maintain trust and confidence of the service users The social worker will promote independence of the service users while giving them protection from possible harm The social worker shall respect the rights of the service users while ensuring that their behavior will not harm other people and themselves The social worker shall uphold the public trust and confidence in the social care services The social worker shall be accountable for quality in their work and taking responsibility for maintenance and improvement of their knowledge ACTS OF PARLIAMENT The Carew standard Act 2000 This Act has a significant role in the social care work as it did extend the registration regime for the social care in England and that of Wales for provision of the children’s services, the Act requires the following: Registration of children homes Registration of family centre’sRegistration of the independent fostering agencies Registration of voluntary adoption agencies Registration of support agencies To be a permanent registered member one has to meet a set of regulations tailored to each individual service. In coming up to a decision whether the regulatory requirement shave been fulfilled, the registering authority must have a regard to minimum National standards. England’s registration authority is Office for Standards in Education, Childrens Services and Skills (OFSTED). The Social workers and the social care services cannot function without having satisfied the above requirements. As a social worker or a social care service provider, there is a need to have knowledge to avoid prosecution by Law The health and social care Act 2012 This bill was agreed upon by both houses and obtained the Royal Assent on the 27th of March to become an act of parliament. The bill created an independent National Health Service Board to promote choices made by the patients in regard to their health issues and reduced the administration tool of the National Health Service. A National Health Service Board was also created to allocate resources and provide guidance on commissioning of social care services. Powers of the government’s ability to commission services on behalf of patients were increased. The function of the Care Quality Commission was strengthened and Section 209 of this Act amended. The powers of the new law under Section 60 of the 199 Act gave her majesty the power by order in the council to regulate social workers and social care practitioners of England. This placed the role of social workers and the role of social health care providers directly under her majesty (Britain 2012, p. 9). This Act placed a lot of Significance on Social Care services being provided in the United Kingdom. A consideration on the adult social care was emphasized. For example, allowing the transfer of public health to the local authorities through local health and the well being boards. Various new bodies have emerged such as the Local health watches which have a function of checking on health and the social care standards. Children’s Act 2004. In England, the law protects the right of children. Section 11 and 12 of this Act places a statutory duty on all agencies to co-operate and promote the welfare of the children. The government guidance for social workers and other professionals that interact with children is that: the social worker has a duty of keeping the children safe. There should be constant feedback to the children social care local authority on suggestions and assessment and lastly every person who has a role should not think that he/she has the absolute right to the child’s needs. Professionals sometimes fail to report the abuse and neglect cases do not face penalties for crime however; they might be subjected to professional discipline Public Services (Social Value) Act 2012 The bill got a Royal Assent on 8th of March. The bill aimed to give strength to the social enterprise businesses sectors and make relevant the concept of social value and its importance in the placing and providing of public services. With this bill a National Social enterprise strategy was created to encourage the engagement in social enterprises. The local government act 2000 section 4 was then required to have a sustainable community strategy proposal that promote the engagement of social enterprise in their areas. The Local Authority Social Services Act 1970 This Act brought together the different fields of social work into a single Social service department in every local authority. With this establishment, an emphasis was laid on a co-ordinated and comprehensive system of approach to the social care, the support of families and identifying the need for people to seek aid. The formulated departments then became responsible for domestic aid, residential accommodation and recreational services. Care council of Wales All social workers should be registered. It is one of the bodies mandated to register and regulates the activities of the social workers and all other social care in Wales. The care council is set up under the Care Standards Act 2000. It includes the codes of professional practice, conduct rules, and a well established guideline on the complainant’s procedure. Some other features accessed include consultation services, annual reports, the newsletters and the e-bulletins. Registration of workers ensures that there is as constant data of available social workers and social health care workers in a given state or region. It is easy to verify a genuine worker and avoids imposters who might be out on criminal activities Care and Social services inspectorate Wales This is a body mandated to regulating and inspecting the establishment of agencies that offer social care services in Wales region. It carries out duties on behalf of the ministers of Wales. It has been given power under Act 2003 of the Social and Health care to look into the handling of social services by the local authorities. On their website, one is able to raise a query on social workers conduct for necessary action. Rights and freedoms of Social workers and limitations Guide to information sharing Social work is a professional duty. When dealing with children, England places emphasis on effective information sharing between the local agencies and the social workers on identification and assessment of service provisions. These are defined in â€Å"Working together to safeguard children (PDF). Under this guidance, paragraph 1.24 states clearly that fears that arise on sharing personal information should not hinder promotion of a child’s welfare and safety. All social workers and social care provider thus are required to have an efficient information discernment process to avoid a scenario of neglect in believe that another individual will do the task. Limitations to this guide These provisions however do have limitations. In Wales’s guidance on information sharing is found in chapter 14 of Safeguarding children working together under the Children Act 2004 (PDF). In these guidance paragraph 14.5 overlaps the guidance for professionals in England. It states that â€Å"The safety and welfare of a child or young person must be put into consideration first when making decisions about sharing information about them† and that must be, â€Å"an overriding public interest in disclosing information.† The guidance then further goes on to give the way forward in sharing on information. Paragraph 14.6 states that â€Å"the best way of ensuring that information sharing is properly handled is to work within carefully worked out information-sharing protocols between agencies and professionals involved, and taking legal advice in each case where necessary. Guide to Loss and damage Social workers have been mandated with a legal duty of caring and service providers. In essence these role places the employers with responsibility of paying up damages their employees suffer while in line of duty. In the event those being taken care of suffer adverse damage as a result of social work interference, then they are entitled to sue the social work company for negligence. These may be as a result of physical damage, emotional or psychological damage. While this is the case, the law prohibits the suing of social workers when performing certain statutory functions like safeguarding children. Employers need to understand the times which their employees may be liable to protection under the law and when not. Legislation on discrimination on Personal privacy In line of duty, social workers provide aid services. In order for them to carry out these functions effectively, it is paramount for them to have knowledge of the raft of legislation that protects individuals for discrimination basing on their gender, age, sexual orientation, religion, disability or ethnicity. These are domestic laws of the United Kingdom and are complemented by European Convention on human right which protects the citizens of the United Kingdom against unjustified state interference with their life. It is always possible for government and social work agencies getting into people’s life when they are not willing. In this event then the public can resort to the human rights protection of privacy and autonomy. Social workers and social work agencies need to have knowledge of the rights and privileges granted to the masses under the European convention for both parties to avoid violating them while at the same time helping individuals who have had their rights contravened The Human rights Human rights are legal obligations that are to be adhered to universally. Human rights are defined as â€Å"the universal right to standard living that is adequate for healthy and well being of individuals and their families.†(Roosevelt 2000, p.5). The global social work perspective embodies this by stating that â€Å"The struggle for dignity and fundamental freedoms, which allows for the full development of human potentials, boils down to two words: human rights.†(IFSW 1996). With this law, special work in the United Kingdom is bound to human rights which are considered sensitive to human race and collective citizenship. The social work must then be conceptualized and sensitized to the culture in which the services are offered. Thus a social worker in England should be able to accept the culture and laws of a state or region in which he/she is working in. Conclusion Social work and social care has a pivotal role in service delivery to the society. This view cannot go unnoticed. The values, ethics of social work such as respect for humanity, equality and service to all have played a major role in helping the less privileged in the United Kingdom. The beneficiaries have included the mentally ill, the old, women and children. The United Kingdom having realized the vital role of social care came up with various laws not only to check but to guide the professionals in their field of work. These laws have been defined in various Acts of parliament, Scholarly publications and various codes of ethics and conduct of the Social work profession. Social workers and social care workers interact with different people on daily basis. In order for a harmonious and efficient system of operation to uphold, these laws and various publications have played a major role. However the legal stipulations have also had a negative side of the story being felt where they h ave had to hamper the operations of social workers and social care practitioners. Technological advancements and constant reviews of challenges that have risen in the working environment of this profession I believe can act as a catalyst to new ideas to command this noble profession to greater heights in the United Kingdom References BRITAIN, G. (2012). Health and social care act 2012: chapter 7. [S.l.], Tso. BRAYNE, H., CARR, H. (2012). Law for social workers. Oxford, Oxford University Press. BRITAIN, G. (2012). Health and social care act 2012: chapter 7. [S.l.], Tso. BARNARD, A., HORNER, N., WILD, J. (2008). The value base of social work and social care. Maidenhead, England, Open University Press. ROOSEVELT, E. (2000). Universal declaration of human rights in English, Spanish, French, Chinese, Russian, Arabic. Bedford, Mass, Applewood Books. HEALY, L. M. (2008). International social work: professional action in an interdependent world. Oxford, Oxford University Press. REAMER, F. G. (2006). Social work values and ethics. New York, Columbia University Press. BERNSTEIN, P. (1997). American work values: their origin and development. New York, State Univ. of New York Press.BANKS, S. (2012). Ethics and values in social work. Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire, Palgrave Macmillan. (2004). Children Act 2004: Explanatory notes. [S.l.], Stationery Office. Source document

Attitudes Essay -- essays research papers

Attitudes What are attitudes? How are they formed, measured and changed? What degree of influence do they exert on behavior? What important effects does prejudice have on attitudes, and how is prejudice caused? These are all questions that are central to the study of social psychology and, by reviewing the findings of psychological research into these areas, this essay will attempt to provide a balanced explanation of the topic. The fundamental question of what attitudes are cannot be answered easily, as many psychologists offer differing definitions. These range from simply describing them as likes and dislikes, to the definition provided by Tiffin and McCormick, in Attitude and Motivation(1971), where they summarize attitudes as being, â€Å"a frame of reference that influences the individual’s views or opinions on various topics and situations, and influences their behavior.† It is widely accepted, however, that attitudes include both beliefs and values. Beliefs, although considered to be based on the knowledge gained about the world around us, can vary greatly in their importance and influence, and therefore ibn their resistence to change. For instance, an individual’s belief in God is highly influential, not only on its own but also in its effect on many other beliefs held by the individual, whereas a belief that eating late at night may cause indigestion is far less central and inf luential in its effect. Beliefs, both major and minor, form the cognitive component of attitu...

Alfred Binet and His Life

Binet attended law school in Paris, and received his degree in 1878. He also studied Natural Sciences at the Sorbonne. His first formal job was as a researcher at a neurological clinic, Salpetriere Hospital, in Paris from 1883 – 1889. From there, Binet went on to being a researcher and associate director of the Laboratory of Experimental Psychology at the Sorbonne from 1891 – 1894. In 1894, he was promoted to being the director of the laboratory until 1911 (his death). After receiving his law degree in 1878, Alfred Binet began to study science at the Sorbonne.However, he was not overly interested in his formal schooling, and started educating himself by reading psychology texts at the National Library in Paris. He soon became fascinated with the ideas of John Stuart Mill, who believed that the operations of intelligence could be explained by the laws of associationism. Binet eventually realized the limitations of this theory, but Mill's ideas continued to influence his work. In 1883, years of unaccompanied study ended when Binet was introduced to Charles Fere, who introduced him to Jean Charcot, the director of a clinic called La Salpetriere. Charcot became his mentor and in turn, Binet accepted a job offer at the clinic. During his seven years there, any and every of Charcot's views were accepted unconditionally by Binet. This of course, was where he could have used the interactions with others and training in critical thinking that a University education provided. In 1883, Binet began to work in Jean-Martin Charcot's neurological laboratory at the Salpetriere Hospital in Paris. At the time of Binet's tenure, Charcot was experimenting with hypnotism. Binet was strongly influenced by this great man, and published four articles about his work in this area. Unfortunately, Charcot's conclusions did not hold up under professional scrutiny, and Binet was forced to make an embarrassing public admission that he had been wrong in supporting his teacher. When his intrigue with hypnosis waned as a result of failure to establish professional acceptance, he turned to the study of development spurred on by the birth of his two daughters, Madeleine and Alice (born in 1885 and 1887, respectively). In the 21 year period following his shift in career interests, Binet â€Å"published more than 200 books, articles, and reviews in what now would be called experimental, developmental, educational, social, nd differential psychology† (Siegler, 1992). Bergin and Cizek (2001) suggest that this work may have influenced Jean Piaget, who later studied with Binet's collaborator Theodore Simon in 1920. Binet's research with his daughters helped him to further refine his developing conception of intelligence, especially the importance of attention span and suggestibility in intellectual development. Despite Binet's extensive research interests and wide breadth of publications, today he is most widely known for his contributions to intelligence. Wolf (1973) postulates that this is the result of his not being affiliation with a major university. Because Binet did not have any formalized graduate study in psychology, he did not hold a professorship with a prestigious institution where students and funds would be sure to perpetuate his work (Siegler, 1992). Additionally, his more progressive theories did not provide the practical utility that his intelligence scale would evoke. Binet and his coworker Fere discovered what they called transfer and they also recognized perceptual and emotional polarization. Binet and Fere thought their findings were a phenomenon and of utmost importance. After investigations by many, the two men were forced to admit that they were wrong about their concepts of transfer and polarization. Basically, their patients had known what was expected, what was supposed to happen, and so they simply assented. Binet had risked everything on his experiment and its results, and this failure took a toll on him. In 1890, Binet resigned from La Salpetriere and never mentioned the place or its director again. His interests then turned toward the development of his children, Madeleine and Alice, who were two years apart. This research corresponds with that done by Jean Piaget just a short time later, regarding the development of cognition in children. A job presented itself for Binet in 1891 at the Laboratory of Physiological Psychology at the Sorbonne. He worked for a year without pay and by 1894, he took over as the director. This was a position that Binet held until his death, and it enabled him to pursue his studies on mental processes. While directing the Laboratory, Theodore Simon applied to do doctoral research under Binet's supervision. This was the beginning of their long, fruitful collaboration. During this time he also co-founded the French journal of psychology, L'Annee psychologique, serving as the director and editor-in-chief. n 1899, Binet was asked to be a member of the Free Society for the Psychological Study of the Child. French education changed profusely during the end of the nineteenth century, because of a law that passed which made it mandatory for children ages six to fourteen to attend school. This group to which Binet became a member hoped to begin studying children in a scientific manner. Binet and many other members of the society were appointed to the Commission for the Retarded. The question became â€Å"What should be the test given to children thought to possibly have learning disabilities, that might place them in a special classroom? † Binet made it his problem to establish the differences that separate the normal child from the abnormal, and to measure such differences. L'Etude experimentale de l'intelligence (Experimental Studies of Intelligence) was the book he used to describe his methods and it was published in 1903. Development of more tests and investigations began soon after the book, with the help of a young medical student named Theodore Simon. Simon had nominated himself a few years before as Binet's research assistant and worked with him on the intelligence tests that Binet is known for, which share Simon's name as well. In 1905, a new test for measuring intelligence was introduced and simply called the Binet–Simon scale. In 1908, they revised the scale, dropping, modifying, and adding tests and also arranging them according to age levels from three to thirteen. In 1904 a French professional group for child psychology, La Societe Libre pour l'Etude Psychologique de l'Enfant, was called upon by the French government to appoint a commission on the education of retarded children. The commission was asked to create a mechanism for identifying students in need of alternative education. Binet, being an active member of this group, found the impetus for the development of his mental scale. Binet and Simon, in creating what historically is known as the Binet-Simon Scale, comprised a variety of tasks they thought were representative of typical children's abilities at various ages. This task-selection process was based on their many years of observing children in natural settings. They then tested their measurement on a sample of fifty children, ten children per five age groups. The children selected for their study were identified by their school teachers as being average for their age. The purpose of this scale of normal functioning, which would later be revised twice using more stringent standards, was to compare children's mental abilities relative to those of their normal peers (Siegler, 1992). The scale consisted of thirty tasks of increasing complexity. The easiest of these could be accomplished by all children, even those who were severely retarded. Some of the simplest test items assessed whether or not a child could follow a lighted match with his eyes or shake hands with the examiner. Slightly harder tasks required children to point to various named body parts, repeat back a series of 3 digits, repeat simple sentences, and to define words like house, fork or mama. More difficult test items required children to state the difference between pairs of things, reproduce drawings from memory or to construct sentences from three given words such as â€Å"Paris, river and fortune. † The hardest test items included asking children to repeat back 7 random digits, find three rhymes for the French word obeisance and to answer questions such as â€Å"My neighbor has been receiving strange visitors. He has received in turn a doctor, a lawyer, and then a priest. What is taking place? † (Fancher, 1985). For the practical use of determining educational placement, the score on the Binet-Simon scale would reveal the child's mental age. For example, a 6 year-old child who passed all the tasks usually passed by 6 year-olds–but nothing beyond–would have a mental age that exactly matched his chronological age, 6. 0. (Fancher, 1985). Binet was forthright about the limitations of his scale. He stressed the remarkable diversity of intelligence and the subsequent need to study it using qualitative, as opposed to quantitative, measures. Binet also stressed that intellectual development progressed at variable rates and could be influenced by the environment; therefore, intelligence was not based solely on genetics, was malleable rather than fixed, and could only be found in children with comparable backgrounds (Siegler, 1992). Given Binet's stance that intelligence testing was subject to variability and was not generalizable, it is important to look at the metamorphosis that mental testing took on as it made its way to the U. S. While Binet was developing his mental scale, the business, civic, and educational leaders in the U.  S. were facing issues of how to accommodate the needs of a diversifying population, while continuing to meet the demands of society. There arose the call to form a society based on meritocracy (Siegler,1992) while continuing to underline the ideals of the upper class. In 1908, H. H. Goddard, a champion of the eugenics movement, found utility in mental testing as a way to evidence the superiority of the white race. After studying abroad, Goddard brought the Binet-Simon Scale to the United States and translated it into English. Following Goddard in the U. S. ental testing movement was Lewis Terman who took the Simon-Binet Scale and standardized it using a large American sample. The new Standford-Binet scale was no longer used solely for advocating education for all children, as was Binet's objective. A new objective of intelligence testing was illustrated in the Stanford-Binet manual with testing ultimately resulting in â€Å"curtailing the reproduction of feeble-mindedness and in the elimination of an enormous amount of crime, pauperism, and industrial inefficiency (p. 7)† Terman, L. , Lyman, G. , Ordahl, G. , Ordahl, L. , Galbreath, N. ; Talbert, W. (1916). The Stanford Revision and Extension of the Binet-Simon Scale for Measuring Intelligence. Baltimore: Warwick ; York. (White, 2000). It follows that we should question why Binet did not speak out concerning the newfound uses of his measure. Siegler (1992) pointed out that Binet was somewhat of an isolationist in that he never traveled outside of France and he barely participated in professional organizations. Additionally, his mental scale was not adopted in his own country during his lifetime and therefore was not subjected to the same fate. Finally, when Binet did become aware of the â€Å"foreign ideas being grafted on his instrument† he condemned those who with ‘brutal pessimism' and ‘deplorable verdicts' were promoting the concept of intelligence as a single, unitary construct (White, 2000). From 1905 to 1908, Binet and Simon developed a test primarily for kids ages 3 to 15 that would compare their intellectual capabilities to other children of the same age. He did a lot of trial and error testing with students from his area. Binet studied groups of â€Å"normal† children, and also children who were mentally challenged. He had to figure out which tasks each group of students was able to complete, and what would be considered standard in the groups. The tests were held between one interviewer and one student, and determined what level of intellectual thinking the student had achieved. The invention of the intelligence test was extremely important to the field of education. Binet published the third version of the Binet-Simon scale right before he died in 1911, but it was still unfinished. If it were not for his early death, Binet surely would have continued to revise the scale. Still, the Binet-Simon scale was and is hugely popular around the world, mainly because it is easy to give and fairly brief. Since his death, many people in many ways have honored Binet, but two of these stand out. In 1917, the Free Society for the Psychological Study of the Child, to whom Binet became a member in 1899 and which prompted his development of the intelligence tests, changed their name to La Societe Alfred Binet, in memory of the renowned psychologist. The second honor was not until 1984, when the journal Science 84 picked the Binet-Simon scale, as one of twenty of this century's most significant developments or discoveries. He studied sexual behavior, coining the term erotic fetishism to describe individuals whose sexual interests in nonhuman objects, such as articles of clothing. He also studied abilities of Valentine Dencausse, the most famous chiromancer in Paris in those days.References http://www.mhhe.com/mayfieldpub/psychtesting/profiles/binet.htm http://www.indiana.edu/~intell/binet.shtml

A Different History by Sujata Bhatt - Analysis Essay

Explore the ideas in the poem A Different History by Sujata Bhatt. Sujata Bhatt reflects and explores on the ideas of ‘culture, ‘values’, human struggle, religion combined with its beliefs and acquisition of foreign or strange language. Bhatt invites the readers and takes them through the culture of India and its religious beliefs that every life respects them there. There is enough vocabulary to understand this in the poem. She also expresses her bitterness and strong emotions towards the struggle and torture borne by the people ‘here’ in the past. She wonders and ponders on the issues of ‘tongue’ and ‘language’ She shows her amazement and expresses her inability to understand how people ‘here’ learn to love the ‘strange language’ that†¦show more content†¦She brings out the picture of togetherness in animals and trees. The simile ‘disguised as snakes and monkeys’ provides us the clue to the belief of sacredness. Bhatt explains the fact that ‘sin’ doesn’t need to be a serious wrong act in ‘this culture’ but a small act can be ‘sin’. Bhatt uses three verbs that denote rudeness in behavior towards books. She uses ‘shove’ , ‘slam’, and ‘toss’ to explain how the culture ‘Here’ values knowledge. Though treating a book rudely is not an act of disrespect but an act of ‘sin’ here’; a serious connotation. Bhatt uses the word ‘sin’ three times to mean more than a wrong act in life. This throws light on the culture of ‘India’ and values observed here. Bhatt gives a hint of religious beliefs in her though not really enthusiastically to prevent the idea of negativity in her ideas. She introduces ‘Sarasvati’ to the readers of English as a ‘goddess of Arts’ – knowledge, painting and music. She conveys that the people( ‘soul’) enjoy endless freedom ‘here’ but they are bound to observe the beliefs of this culture. The line ‘You must†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..disturbing Sarasvati’ highlights the idea the freedom is in respecting one’s culture and self but not enjoying oneself which is selfishness. There is a hint of dualism in 17th and 18th lines. These lines express the value system which is an ‘obligation’ in this culture. We can understand this with the word ‘must’ in the poem. Bhatt suddenlyShow MoreRelatedThe Songs Of Freedom - Original Writing989 Words   |  4 Pagestruly become myself. Coming from the Gambia, West Africa, I’ve always struggled with identity and who I was as a person. I never truly felt a sense of belonging and always struggled with where I fit in or belong to. At home, I am viewed as slightly different from everyone else; children and even elders constantly questioned my nationality. When I speak, I was repeatedly asked â€Å"where are you from?† This question would always confuse me and I would hastily reply â€Å"I am from Gambia of course, where elseRead MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 PagesBrier, and Roy Rosenzweig Also in this series: Paula Hamilton and Linda Shopes, eds., Oral History and Public Memories Tiffany Ruby Patterson, Zora Neale Hurston and a History of Southern Life Lisa M. Fine, The Story of Reo Joe: Work, Kin, and Community in Autotown, U.S.A. Van Gosse and Richard Moser, eds., The World the Sixties Made: Politics and Culture in Recent America Joanne Meyerowitz, ed., History and September 11th John McMillian and Paul Buhle, eds., The New Left Revisited David M